Gastritis
What is gastritis?
Gastritis is not a single disease, but several different conditions
that all have inflammation of the stomach lining.
What causes gastritis?
Gastritis can be caused by
drinking too much alcohol, prolonged use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, or infection with bacteria such as
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Sometimes gastritis develops after major
surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Certain diseases, such
as pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, and chronic bile reflux, can cause
gastritis as well.
What are the symptoms of gastritis?
The most common symptoms are abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms are:
- belching,
- abdominal bloating,
- nausea, and
vomiting
- or a feeling of fullness or
of burning in the upper abdomen.
Blood in your vomit or black stools may be a
sign of bleeding in the stomach, which may indicate a serious problem requiring
immediate medical attention.
How is gastritis diagnosed?
Gastritis is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
- Upper gastrointestinal
endoscopy. The doctor eases an endoscope, a thin
tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth (or occasionally nose) and
down into your stomach to look at the stomach lining. The doctor will check
for inflammation and may remove a tiny sample of tissue for tests. This
procedure to remove a tissue sample is called a biopsy.
- Blood test. The doctor may check your red blood cell count to see
whether you have anemia, which means that you do not have enough red blood
cells. Anemia can be caused by bleeding from the stomach.
- Stool test. This test checks for the presence of
blood in your stool, a
sign of bleeding. Stool test may also be used to detect the presence of H.
pylori in the digestive tract.
What is the treatment for gastritis?
Treatment usually involves taking drugs to reduce stomach acid and thereby
help relieve symptoms and promote healing. (Stomach acid irritates the inflamed
tissue in the stomach.) Avoidance of certain foods, beverages, or medicines may
also be recommended.
If your gastritis is caused by an infection, that problem may be treated as
well. For example, the doctor might prescribe antibiotics to clear up H. pylori
infection. Once the underlying problem disappears, the gastritis usually does
too. Talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting any gastritis
treatment on your own.
SOURCE: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Last Editorial Review: 4/21/2008
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